---

panda/src/mathutil/look_at_src.cxx

Go to the documentation of this file.

// Filename: look_at_src.cxx
// Created by:  drose (25Apr97)
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// PANDA 3D SOFTWARE
// Copyright (c) 2001, Disney Enterprises, Inc.  All rights reserved
//
// All use of this software is subject to the terms of the Panda 3d
// Software license.  You should have received a copy of this license
// along with this source code; you will also find a current copy of
// the license at http://www.panda3d.org/license.txt .
//
// To contact the maintainers of this program write to
// panda3d@yahoogroups.com .
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

INLINE_MATHUTIL FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)
make_xi_mat(const FLOATNAME(LVector2) &x) {
  return FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)(1.0f,     0,     0,
                             0,  x[0],  x[1],
                             0, -x[1],  x[0]);
}


INLINE_MATHUTIL FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)
make_x_mat(const FLOATNAME(LVector2) &x) {
  return FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)(1.0f,     0,     0,
                             0,  x[1],  x[0],
                             0, -x[0],  x[1]);
}


INLINE_MATHUTIL FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)
make_y_mat(const FLOATNAME(LVector2) &y) {
  return FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)(y[1],     0, -y[0],
                                0,     1.0f,     0,
                             y[0],     0,  y[1]);
}


INLINE_MATHUTIL FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)
make_z_mat(const FLOATNAME(LVector2) &z) {
  return FLOATNAME(LMatrix3)(z[1], -z[0],     0,
                             z[0],  z[1],     0,
                                0,     0,     1.0f);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//     Function: heads_up
//  Description: Given two vectors defining a forward direction and an
//               up vector, constructs the matrix that rotates things
//               from the defined coordinate system to y-forward and
//               z-up.  The up vector will be rotated to z-up first,
//               then the forward vector will be rotated as nearly to
//               y-forward as possible.  This will only have a
//               different effect from look_at() if the forward and up
//               vectors are not perpendicular.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void
heads_up(FLOATNAME(LMatrix3) &mat, const FLOATNAME(LVector3) &fwd,
         const FLOATNAME(LVector3) &up, CoordinateSystem cs) {
  if (cs == CS_default) {
    cs = default_coordinate_system;
  }

  if (cs == CS_zup_right || cs == CS_zup_left) {
    // Z-up.

    // y is the projection of the up vector into the XZ plane.  Its
    // angle to the Z axis is the amount to rotate about the Y axis to
    // bring the up vector into the YZ plane.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) y(up[0], up[2]);
    FLOATTYPE d = dot(y, y);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      y = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      y /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // x is the up vector rotated into the YZ plane.  Its angle to the Z
    // axis is the amount to rotate about the X axis to bring the up
    // vector to the Z axis.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) x(up[1], up[0]*y[0]+up[2]*y[1]);
    d = dot(x, x);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      x = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      x /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now apply both rotations to the forward vector.  This will rotate
    // the forward vector by the same amount we would have had to rotate
    // the up vector to bring it to the Z axis.  If the vectors were
    // perpendicular, this will put the forward vector somewhere in the
    // XY plane.

    // z is the projection of the newly rotated fwd vector into the XY
    // plane.  Its angle to the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the
    // Z axis in order to bring the fwd vector to the Y axis.
    FLOATNAME(LVector2) z(fwd[0]*y[1] - fwd[2]*y[0],
                          -fwd[0]*y[0]*x[0] + fwd[1]*x[1] - fwd[2]*y[1]*x[0]);
    d = dot(z, z);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      z = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      z /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now build the net rotation matrix.
    if (cs == CS_zup_right) {
      mat =
        make_z_mat(z) *
        make_x_mat(x) *
        make_y_mat(y);
    } else { // cs == CS_zup_left
      mat =
        make_z_mat(z) *
        make_x_mat(-x) *
        make_y_mat(-y);
    }
  } else {
    // Y-up.

    // z is the projection of the forward vector into the XY plane.  Its
    // angle to the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the Z axis to
    // bring the forward vector into the YZ plane.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) z(up[0], up[1]);
    FLOATTYPE d = dot(z, z);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      z = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      z /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // x is the forward vector rotated into the YZ plane.  Its angle to
    // the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the X axis to bring the
    // forward vector to the Y axis.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) x(up[0]*z[0] + up[1]*z[1], up[2]);
    d = dot(x, x);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      x = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(1.0f, 0.0f);
    } else {
      x /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now apply both rotations to the up vector.  This will rotate
    // the up vector by the same amount we would have had to rotate
    // the forward vector to bring it to the Y axis.  If the vectors were
    // perpendicular, this will put the up vector somewhere in the
    // XZ plane.

    // y is the projection of the newly rotated up vector into the XZ
    // plane.  Its angle to the Z axis is the amount to rotate about the
    // Y axis in order to bring the up vector to the Z axis.
    FLOATNAME(LVector2) y(fwd[0]*z[1] - fwd[1]*z[0],
                          -fwd[0]*x[1]*z[0] - fwd[1]*x[1]*z[1] + fwd[2]*x[0]);
    d = dot(y, y);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      y = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      y /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now build the net rotation matrix.
    if (cs == CS_yup_right) {
      mat =
        make_y_mat(y) *
        make_xi_mat(-x) *
        make_z_mat(-z);
    } else { // cs == CS_yup_left
      mat =
        make_y_mat(y) *
        make_xi_mat(x) *
        make_z_mat(z);
    }
  }
}


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//     Function: look_at
//  Description: Given two vectors defining a forward direction and an
//               up vector, constructs the matrix that rotates things
//               from the defined coordinate system to y-forward and
//               z-up.  The forward vector will be rotated to
//               y-forward first, then the up vector will be rotated
//               as nearly to z-up as possible.  This will only have a
//               different effect from heads_up() if the forward and
//               up vectors are not perpendicular.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void
look_at(FLOATNAME(LMatrix3) &mat, const FLOATNAME(LVector3) &fwd,
        const FLOATNAME(LVector3) &up, CoordinateSystem cs) {
  if (cs == CS_default) {
    cs = default_coordinate_system;
  }

  if (cs == CS_zup_right || cs == CS_zup_left) {
    // Z-up.

    // z is the projection of the forward vector into the XY plane.  Its
    // angle to the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the Z axis to
    // bring the forward vector into the YZ plane.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) z(fwd[0], fwd[1]);
    FLOATTYPE d = dot(z, z);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      z = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      z /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // x is the forward vector rotated into the YZ plane.  Its angle to
    // the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the X axis to bring the
    // forward vector to the Y axis.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) x(fwd[0]*z[0] + fwd[1]*z[1], fwd[2]);
    d = dot(x, x);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      x = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(1.0f, 0.0f);
    } else {
      x /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now apply both rotations to the up vector.  This will rotate
    // the up vector by the same amount we would have had to rotate
    // the forward vector to bring it to the Y axis.  If the vectors were
    // perpendicular, this will put the up vector somewhere in the
    // XZ plane.

    // y is the projection of the newly rotated up vector into the XZ
    // plane.  Its angle to the Z axis is the amount to rotate about the
    // Y axis in order to bring the up vector to the Z axis.
    FLOATNAME(LVector2) y(up[0]*z[1] - up[1]*z[0],
                          -up[0]*x[1]*z[0] - up[1]*x[1]*z[1] + up[2]*x[0]);
    d = dot(y, y);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      y = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      y /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now build the net rotation matrix.
    if (cs == CS_zup_right) {
      mat =
        make_y_mat(y) *
        make_xi_mat(x) *
        make_z_mat(z);
    } else { // cs == CS_zup_left
      mat =
        make_y_mat(-y) *
        make_xi_mat(-x) *
        make_z_mat(z);
    }
  } else {
    // Y-up.

    // y is the projection of the up vector into the XZ plane.  Its
    // angle to the Z axis is the amount to rotate about the Y axis to
    // bring the up vector into the YZ plane.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) y(fwd[0], fwd[2]);
    FLOATTYPE d = dot(y, y);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      y = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      y /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // x is the up vector rotated into the YZ plane.  Its angle to the Z
    // axis is the amount to rotate about the X axis to bring the up
    // vector to the Z axis.

    FLOATNAME(LVector2) x(fwd[1], fwd[0]*y[0]+fwd[2]*y[1]);
    d = dot(x, x);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      x = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      x /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now apply both rotations to the forward vector.  This will rotate
    // the forward vector by the same amount we would have had to rotate
    // the up vector to bring it to the Z axis.  If the vectors were
    // perpendicular, this will put the forward vector somewhere in the
    // XY plane.

    // z is the projection of the newly rotated fwd vector into the XY
    // plane.  Its angle to the Y axis is the amount to rotate about the
    // Z axis in order to bring the fwd vector to the Y axis.
    FLOATNAME(LVector2) z(up[0]*y[1] - up[2]*y[0],
                          -up[0]*y[0]*x[0] + up[1]*x[1] - up[2]*y[1]*x[0]);
    d = dot(z, z);
    if (d==0.0f) {
      z = FLOATNAME(LVector2)(0.0f, 1.0f);
    } else {
      z /= csqrt(d);
    }

    // Now build the net rotation matrix.
    if (cs == CS_yup_right) {
      mat =
        make_z_mat(z) *
        make_x_mat(x) *
        make_y_mat(-y);
    } else { // cs == CS_yup_left
      mat =
        make_z_mat(-z) *
        make_x_mat(-x) *
        make_y_mat(-y);
    }
  }
}

---